Access to Healthcare and Spatialisation of Resources in Sub-saharan Africa: A GIS Solution to Mobility and Treatment of Patients in the West Region of Cameroon
Tende Renz Tichafogwe,
Nkumbesone Makoley,
Kana Clavel Djibril
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-9
Received:
30 October 2021
Accepted:
25 November 2021
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Access to health and availability of sanitary resources is a major deterrent to mobility and treatment in sub-Saharan African towns. If it is not a problem of distance, perhaps it will be that of existing health infrastructure and know-how. This article posits that the incongruence in the availability of health units and unsatisfactory alertness has affected care in the West Region. A physical- access-ratio analysis was done to determine the distance between the health resources and population through a GPS and WGS 84 for the presentation of results. Some 120 questionnaires were administered to patients and health personnel to have first-hand information on the ratio and health need of the area. Results from findings divulge an unequal distribution of health units in the West with 51.3% concentrated in five districts and 48.7% in fifteen. The ratio of population to available health unit is 2,543 inhabitants per unit which is commendable to the WHO 10,000 inhabitants per unit standard. Unfortunately this ratio is unevenly distributed within the region as districts with a high prevalence level of diseases possess less health units. The region is 78.6% accessible in the distance of households to health unit of 5km maximum of WHO standard with 21.4% of some areas at 20km away. With an uneven distribution of inhabitants to health personnel in the region, there is a need to re-adjust the ratio. This paper advocates for a health unit and resources map to facilitate mobility and reduce health discrepancies at best in the area.
Abstract: Access to health and availability of sanitary resources is a major deterrent to mobility and treatment in sub-Saharan African towns. If it is not a problem of distance, perhaps it will be that of existing health infrastructure and know-how. This article posits that the incongruence in the availability of health units and unsatisfactory alertness ha...
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The Construction of the Density, Verticality and Sustainability Indicator (DVSI) for Condominiums: A Case Study in the City of Campo Grande/MS
Lusianne Azamor Torres,
Lais Caroline Bertolino de Almeida,
Angelo Marcos Vieira de Arruda
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
10-19
Received:
22 January 2022
Accepted:
13 February 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: The challenge of disorderly growth and lack of planning, resulting from the processes of urban occupation in many Brazilian cities, the need to build environmentally healthy, balanced and sustainable urban spaces has arisen, as an attempt to guarantee protection of the anthropic and natural environment and the quality of life for current citizens, without compromising future generations. Academic and governmental discussions cover social, environmental and economic aspects and problems established in the urban environment in order to plan sustainable cities. Therefore, the creation of a sustainability indicator becomes an important tool to measure and understand the aspects and processes of the built environment in cities in order to contribute to the planning and actions of the various actors involved. The study presents the study for the construction of the Density, Verticality and Urban Sustainability Indicator (DVSI) for vertical condominiums in the municipality of Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Developed with the purpose of finding an ideal indicator of housing with quality in the public space and private condominiums. Researches were developed within the density, verticality and sustainability aspects, establishing parameters indicated by area professionals (urban planners, teachers, researchers and builders) who established different weights among the items surveyed. The variables chosen are divided into 10 items for "outside the condominium" and 10 for "inside the condominium".’ The study concludes that from the integrated analysis of some existing condominiums in the city of Campo Grande, Brazil, it was possible to verify their conditions in the face of the various variables of the DVSI. Thus allowing obtaining a tool to assist in the planning process, and decision-making in the implementation of condominiums in urban areas, based on the concepts of verticality, density and sustainability.
Abstract: The challenge of disorderly growth and lack of planning, resulting from the processes of urban occupation in many Brazilian cities, the need to build environmentally healthy, balanced and sustainable urban spaces has arisen, as an attempt to guarantee protection of the anthropic and natural environment and the quality of life for current citizens, ...
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Visual Evaluation of Park Landscape Based on SBE and Eye Tracking
Qiang Wang,
Mingyuan Zhao,
Lanyong Zhao
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
20-25
Received:
11 February 2022
Published:
28 February 2022
Abstract: In the field of landscape visual aesthetic evaluation, the SBE (Scenic Beauty Estimation) method is the main way for researchers of the psychophysical school. It obtains evaluation results by having evaluators observe photographs and rate landscape objects using uniform evaluation criteria, and is currently recognized as one of the better methods for landscape evaluation. Meanwhile, eye-tracking technique is another experimental technique that has been applied to landscape evaluation by researchers in recent years with many results. In this study, we take photos of environmental spaces taken in Jinan city park in China as landscape aesthetic evaluation objects, and use SBE method and eye tracking analysis method to conduct experiments respectively. On the one hand, we explore the SBE value of various environmental spaces in Jinan city park, and on the other hand, we conduct eye tracking experiments for the same subject scenes and obtain data (AOI area ratio, Fixation count, Fixation and Saccade duration). The correlation between SBE values and eye-tracking data and the analysis of eye-tracking heat maps were then carried out to investigate the relationship between the subjective aesthetic evaluation and the objective eye-tracking data. The following conclusions were reached: SBE values were significantly and positively correlated with the main indicators of eye-tracking; Naturalness, Spatiality and Visual interest points were the three key factors in the visual evaluation of the park landscape.
Abstract: In the field of landscape visual aesthetic evaluation, the SBE (Scenic Beauty Estimation) method is the main way for researchers of the psychophysical school. It obtains evaluation results by having evaluators observe photographs and rate landscape objects using uniform evaluation criteria, and is currently recognized as one of the better methods f...
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